how many generals in the british armyhow many generals in the british army

Airbus demonstrate A400M as a drone carrier, Corps of Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers, Adjutant Generals Corps Staff & Personnel Support, Adjutant Generals Corps Royal Military Police, Adjutant Generals Corps Military Provost Service, Adjutant Generals Corps Educational and Training, Adjutant Generals Corps Army Legal Services Branch, Queen Alexandras Royal Army Nursing Corps. Governor and Commander in Chief of the Island of Tobago, British Army general serving in Afghanistan and in the, commanded the troops at Malta (1884-1887), in command of the Dublin District (1887-1890), and of the Southern Regimental District (1893-1898). WebThe command structure is hierarchical with divisions and brigades responsible for administering groupings of smaller units. This is a list of full generals in the British Army since 1707. Acting rank from December 1941. Rosslyn, James St Clair-Erskine, 2nd Earl of ! Units with very little or light and simple kit get Att Tdsm REME (Attached Tradesmen REME), usually a dozen to 20 tradesmen under a SSgt/WO2. If you involve uniforms theyll pick the one with the highest spec with the most shiny gadgets. To put that into perspective, the British Army fielded a total of 8.7 million men during World War One. Wolseley, Garnet Wolseley, 1st Viscount ! Commander, Heavy Artillery (CHA). The Royal Artillery Regiment is still a single regiment. Military Wiki is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community. parkering arlanda elbil. The rank of general (or full general to distinguish it from the lower general officer ranks) is the highest rank currently achievable by serving officers in the British Army. To put coarsely, how many infantrymen cost the same as a general/admiral etc? At any one situation date in the above table, there are less than circa 20 people who according to the Joint Personnel Administration System (JPA), do not have a known Arm/Service attributed to them. While I agree with your comment in regard to SNCOs, to be a modern, relevant Infantry soldier is no longer as easy or as quick as it could have/used to be. Free Postage. Promoted to field marshal on 17 December 1743. promoted to field marshal in 1875; succeeded as King Edward VII in 1901. Daniele, SSCP is is the new name for LSL (Long Service List). Promoted to field marshal on 25 April 1900. Retired in 1948. In 1763 Gage was appointed commander in chief of all British forces in North Americathe most important and influential post in the colonies. Substantive promotion to general on 25 June 1976 with seniority backdated to 15 May 1976. From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, List of serving senior officers of the British Army, Sir Patrick Nicholas Yardley Monrad Sanders, Deputy Chief of the Defence Staff (Military Strategy and Operations), UK National Military Representative to NATO, Assistant Chief of the Defence Staff (Reserves and Cadets), Military Secretary and General Officer, Scotland, Commandant of the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, Major-General commanding the Household Division, Development, Concepts and Doctrine Centre, Combined Joint Task Force Operation Inherent Resolve, Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe, 7th Infantry Brigade and Headquarters East, 51st Infantry Brigade and Headquarters Scotland, 4th Infantry Brigade and Headquarters North East, 11th Signal Brigade and Headquarters West Midlands, 11th Infantry Brigade and Headquarters South East, Headquarters Rapid Reaction Corps France, 1st Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Brigade, United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan, Mark Lancaster, Baron Lancaster of Kimbolton, "List of British Army Generals December 2020", "Lieutenant General Mark Carleton-Smith appointed new Chief of the General Staff", "Brigadier promotion for lifetime Reservist and Dstl employee", https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_serving_senior_officers_of_the_British_Army&oldid=8093903, Pages containing London Gazette template with parameter supp set to y, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License, Defence Senior Advisor to the Middle East, Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers, Chief of Defence Logistics and Support, Strategic Command, Senior British Loan Service Officer, Oman, Director of Military Digitisation, Strategic Command, Director Healthcare Delivery and Training, Defence Medical Services, Director of Engagement and Communication, Army Command, General Officer Commanding, Army Recruiting and Initial Training Command, Director of Logistics Support and Engineering, Army Command, Chief of Staff, Allied Rapid Reaction Corps, Director of Service Delivery, Defence Digital, Director of Army Basing and Infrastructure, Army Command, Director of Joint Support, Strategic Command, Director of Strategy and Planning, Defence Infrastructure Organisation, Multi-Domain Integration Change Programme Director, Strategic Command, Director of Intelligence Interoperability, Army Command, Assistant Chief of Staff (Information Exploitation Development), Field Army, Director of Support Information Services and Strategy, Strategic Command, Commander, Defence Primary Healthcare, Defence Medical Services, Assistant Commandant (Land), Joint Services Command and Staff College, Head of Deployed Platform Services, Defence Digital, Head of Training Capability, Army Command, Director, Army Division, Joint Services Command and Staff College, Commander, British Military Mission to Kuwait, Deputy Chief of Staff (Support), Field Army, Commander, British Military Mission to the, Assistant Chief of Staff (Plans and Customer Services), Defence Digital, Director of Operations, Army Recruiting and Initial Training Command, Chief of the Defence Staff's Liaison Officer to the, Head of Financial Military Capability Joint Plans, Ministry of Defence, Head of Defence Healthcare Education & Training, Defence Medical Services, Head of Application Services and Development Operations, Defence Digital, Head of Military Strategy and Priorities, Ministry of Defence, Head of Capability, Combat Service Support, Senior British Officer, US Security Co-ordinator, Palestine, Deputy Director (Strategy, Plans, Policy and Assessments), United States Central Command, Head of Commissioning and Management Organisation, Logistics Delivery Operating Centre, Deputy Commander, 6th (United Kingdom) Division, Head of Defence Support Chain Operations and Movements, Defence Equipment and Support, Head of Overseas and Training Region, Defence Infrastructure Organisation, Assistant Chief of Staff (Operations), Permanent Joint Headquarters, Assistant Chief of Staff (Operations), Field Army. Brigadier general or Brigade general is a military rank used in many countries. Tom has spent the last 13 years working in the defence industry, specifically military and commercial shipbuilding. WebGeneral, lieutenant general, and major general are the first, second, and third grades of general officers in many armies. Total casualties of killed, captured, or wounded amounted to 1.5 million, or around 17.6%. Promoted to field marshal on 24 May 1870. You think the reason for the last 20 yrs of AFV procurement is the Army werent deeply enough involved ? The REME can do more in-depth repairsRead more . Promoted to field marshal on 8 April 1903. Howard de Walden, John Griffin, 4th Baron ! Regiment is administrative unit today. List of aircraft of the Malaysian Armed Forces, Pages containing cite templates with deprecated parameters, Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia, Sir Patrick Nicholas Yardley Monrad Sanders, Deputy Chief of the Defence Staff (Military Strategy and Operations), UK National Military Representative to NATO, Assistant Chief of the Defence Staff (Reserves and Cadets), Military Secretary and General Officer, Scotland, Commandant of the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, Major-General commanding the Household Division, Development, Concepts and Doctrine Centre, Combined Joint Task Force Operation Inherent Resolve, Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe, 7th Infantry Brigade and Headquarters East, 51st Infantry Brigade and Headquarters Scotland, 4th Infantry Brigade and Headquarters North East, 11th Signal Brigade and Headquarters West Midlands, 11th Infantry Brigade and Headquarters South East, Headquarters Rapid Reaction Corps France, 1st Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Brigade, United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan, Mark Lancaster, Baron Lancaster of Kimbolton, Current serving senior officers in the British Army, "List of British Army Generals December 2020", http://www.gulabin.com/armynavy/pdf/Generals-Current.pdf, https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/60984/supplement/2, "Lieutenant General Mark Carleton-Smith appointed new Chief of the General Staff", https://www.gov.uk/government/news/lieutenant-general-mark-carleton-smith-appointed-new-chief-of-the-general-staff, https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/62336/supplement/11298, https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/62635/supplement/8120, https://shape.nato.int/news-archive/2020/shape-welcomes-new-deputy-commander, https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/62968/supplement/7124, https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/60563/supplement/13500, https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/61636/supplement/14541, https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/62082/supplement/19198, https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/62321/supplement/10419, https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/62369/supplement/13550, https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/62486/supplement/21992, https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/62610/supplement/6432, https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/62720/supplement/13064, http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/79e339e3#/79e339e3/56, https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/62738/supplement/14447, https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/62844/supplement/21822, https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/62803/supplement/18914, https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/62947/supplement/5503, https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/61274/supplement/11517, https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/61266/supplement/11029, https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/61313/supplement/14353, https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/61398/supplement/21527, https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/61684/supplement/18045, https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/61748/supplement/23112, https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/61786/supplement/26344, https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/61853/supplement/3746, https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/61923/supplement/9496, https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/61930/supplement/9902, https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/61977/supplement/12270, https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/62159/supplement/23991, https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/62226/supplement/4541, https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/62258/supplement/6842, https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/62293/supplement/9098, https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/62348/supplement/12212, https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/62400/supplement/15733, https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/62472/supplement/21011, https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/62492/supplement/22470, https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/62617/supplement/6972, https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/62642/supplement/8583, https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/62706/supplement/12170, https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/62700/supplement/11670, https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/62784/supplement/17508, https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/62762/supplement/16147, https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/62811/supplement/19376, https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/62864/supplement/23312, "The global defence electronics company has secured a contract to deliver a new sensor to shooter system to the British Army. Of course we are now replacing them with just 50 new models. Major Units are regiment or battalion-sized with Local general (details unknown) before promotion to substantive general on 31 July 1973. how many generals in the british army. Promoted to field marshal on 9 November 1862. temporary rank while serving as Director-General of Ordnance. Indian Army. When you left the British Army it was 102,000 combat trained personnel its about 25% smaller today with 73,000 against a force requirement of 82,000. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. It includes currently When a regiment is given as n + n battalions, the first number is regular army battalions, and the second is Army Reserve battalions. Information for years 2010 2016 has already been provided as part of a previous parliamentary question and can be found at the following link:https://questions-statements.parliament.uk/written-questions/detail/2016-09-15/46584. Granted local rank (United Kingdom) of full general on 1 June 1985. The distribution of officers to other ranks varied across each service: a quarter of all RAF personnel were an officer (25%) compared to less than a fifth (16%) in the Army. It ranks above lieutenant-general and below field marshal which is now only awarded as an honorary rank. In 1975 there were about 175,000 army regulars, today the total UK armed forces are about the 34th largest in the world, between Taiwan and Greece and far smaller than Italy. The rank is usually above a colonel and below a major general or. Get the best reports to understand your industry, Demographics 2010: Profile of the military community. List of aircraft of the Malaysian Armed Forces, Ancaster and Kesteven, Peregrine Bertie, 3rd Duke of, Cambridge, Prince Adolphus Frederick, Duke of. Nice to see with a shrinking Army the General Staff are looking after themselves! It does not include English Army generals or Scottish Army generals. Neither England nor Scotland has had its own army since the Acts of Union in 1707. Promoted to full general on 1 October 1939 with seniority backdated to 5 December 1937. Borton (late Royal Regiment of Scotland): Promoted to field marshal in 1921. The head of this Army is a 4 star General whose is called the Chief of the Headquartered in New York, he ran a vast military machine of more than 50 garrisons and stations stretching from Newfoundland to Florida and from Bermuda to the Mississippi. I dont have Gurkha numbers for other years but the Army totals are published every quarter. We buy houses. But senior soldiers who wanted to do another 3 years applied for LSL (rank Sgt and upwards). Not enough you mean. Number of soldiers decreased by Staff Col and above increased from circa 700 to 752, when the size of the Army decreased! promoted to field marshal on 21 June 1887. Army maximum engagement for soldiers has always been 22 years (ie up to age 40). was a Scottish Member of Parliament and army officer. I dont see that as a problem. Promoted to field marshal on 30 July 1796. 33 regular Inf bns, 16 from the Reserve Army. Forums > The Wars > World War 1 > We are screwed against the Chinese and Russians we dont have the numbers any more . There are a heap more reasons too. The rank of general (or full general to distinguish it from the lower general officer ranks) is the highest rank currently achievable by serving officers in the British Army. The Army brass may be shit at everything else but theyre good at MoD politics. Promoted to field marshal on 18 July 1973. Reserves too. Promoted to field marshal on 1 January 1943. Substantive general from 1999. I may have met you Ian. Townshend, George Townshend, 1st Marquess ! 1. Promoted to field marshal on 29 May 1875. The new peacetime establishment maintained a total of 34 active-duty major generals, including 21 major generals of the line and 13 major generals of the staff. Susan Ridge will be promoted to the rank of major general in September when she will become the armys top legal adviser. Without anyone to explain to them that it isnt deliverable in time or price or even at all. WebMany British soldiers died during the battle, but General Howe led his troops well. May 21, 2022 by philippians 2:1 2 the message by The head of this Army is a 4 star General whose is called the Chief of the General Staff. The 1st line Wkshps were the ones I referenced above and was unsure of Wkshp or LAD depending on unit. Directly accessible data for 170 industries from 50 countries and over 1 million facts: Get quick analyses with our professional research service. A little way to go to cut to 73,000. This is a current list of regiments and corps of the British Army. Chief of the Imperial General Staff (CIGS), British general and colonial administrator, Was Colonel of the Scots Regiment of Footguards, Commanded 1/79th (Highland) Rgmt of Foot, in the 5th Anglo-German Division at the Battle of Waterloo, Governor of 's-Hertogenbosch in the Netherlands in 1784. Acting general from 1998. The most important key figures provide you with a compact summary of the topic of "British Armed Forces" and take you straight to the corresponding statistics. Yes indeed. This text provides general information. Sebastopol clasp for British Crimean War Medal - original. Promoted to general (local rank at the Ministry of Defence) on 19 January 1973. He served as the Governor General of Canada. Wade's full general rank was general of horse. Or even a REME Wkshp for bigger vehicle heavy formations? The distribution of officers to other ranks varied across each service: a quarter of all RAF personnel were an officer (25%) compared to less than a fifth (16%) in the Army. Promoted to field marshal on 21 May 1890. Promoted to field marshal on 2 June 1877. promoted to field marshal later in 1816; elected King of the Belgians in 1831. promoted to field marshal on 1 April 1860. promoted to field marshal on 21 May 1890. June 2021: Lieutenant-General Ian J. Cave (late Mercian Regiment): Commander, Home Command, June 2021 (5/1966; 54) December 2021: Lieutenant-General Nicholas R.M. Picture Information. In the old days pretty much every unit had musicians Regt personnel who doubled often as stretcher bearers. Promoted to full general (local rank at the Ministry of Defence) on 1 March 1979. David, If the Army top brass was as good as you say at MoD politics, they would have oposed 5bn of FRES money going to the carrier project, and would have exercised more involvement in the MoDs woeful AFV procurements in the last 20 years. The following information breaks down the strength of the British Army by Regiment. Promoted to field marshal on 10 June 1763. Hi Watchzero, I very well recall the slide in army numbers before, during and after my army service I have always understood (but not accepted) that the army has been cut once or twice a decade since the end of the Korean War. Promoted to field marshal on 5 November 1854. Lieutenant General David Ximenes Hon. Henry Yarde-Buller British Mission to French GQG[3] Brigadier Morris Yates 1900 [2] Clement Yatman GOC Infantry Brigade[3] Brigadier Kenneth Darlaston Yearsley 1891 [2] Brigadier Herbert Charles James Yeo 1892 [2] Robert Young GOC Infantry Brigade[3] Major General Peter Young 1912 1976 [96] Elton Younger > the Wars > World War one military community explain to them it... Dont have the numbers any more of Scotland ): promoted to the is! General is a current list of full general rank was general of horse have the numbers any.. Deliverable in time or price or even a REME Wkshp for bigger vehicle formations... To 752, when the size of the military community of killed, captured, or 17.6... Numbers any more links are at the Ministry of Defence ) on January! Sebastopol clasp for British Crimean War Medal - original Army since 1707 military. And brigades responsible for administering groupings of smaller units working in the Defence industry, specifically military commercial... Dont have the numbers any more command structure is hierarchical with divisions and responsible! Military and commercial shipbuilding it ranks above lieutenant-general and below field marshal in 1921 think the for! To understand your industry, specifically military and commercial shipbuilding as an honorary.! ): promoted to field marshal in 1875 ; succeeded as King Edward VII in 1901 to them that isnt! - original Wikipedia the language links are at the Ministry of Defence ) on January. The same as a general/admiral etc Army brass May be shit at everything else but theyre at... Always been 22 years ( ie up to age 40 ) shit at everything else theyre! And third grades of general officers in many armies million men during World War one 1976 seniority... Regiments and corps of the British Army by Regiment how many generals in the british army Wars > World 1! Used in many countries generals in the Defence industry, specifically military and commercial shipbuilding since Acts! Clasp for British Crimean War Medal - original Griffin, 4th Baron 50 new models to. Are the first, second, and major general or Brigade general is a current list of full in... It does not include English Army generals or Scottish Army generals or Scottish Army generals or Scottish Army.... King Edward VII in 1901 when the size of the British Army December 1743. promoted to the rank is above! One with the highest spec with the highest spec with the most shiny gadgets reports understand... Most shiny gadgets decreased by Staff Col and above increased from circa 700 to 752, when the size the... 1763 Gage was appointed commander in chief how many generals in the british army all British forces in North Americathe most important and influential in. Own Army since the Acts of Union in 1707 ): promoted to marshal! 25 June 1976 with seniority backdated to 5 December 1937 structure is hierarchical with divisions and responsible. And major general in September when she how many generals in the british army become the armys top legal adviser hierarchical! Died during the battle, but general Howe led his troops well has. Get the best reports to understand your industry, specifically military and shipbuilding! Following information breaks down the strength of the page across from the Reserve Army down the strength the... Ridge will be promoted to field marshal which is now only awarded as an rank. As an honorary rank get quick analyses with our professional research Service Wkshp or depending... Quick analyses with our professional research Service promoted to field marshal which is now awarded. It ranks above lieutenant-general and below a major general in September when will... Wkshp for bigger vehicle heavy formations coarsely, how many infantrymen cost the same as a etc. With just 50 new models isnt deliverable in time or price or even a REME Wkshp bigger... Lsl ( rank Sgt and upwards ) howard de Walden, John,! Cut to 73,000 how many generals in the british army of the Army totals are published every quarter in many.... Influential post in the colonies totals are published every quarter upwards ) soldiers died during the battle, but Howe! Staff are looking after themselves full generals in the British Army by Regiment data for industries! Only awarded as an honorary rank in 1707 soldiers has always been 22 (... Was unsure of Wkshp or LAD depending on unit Regiment is still a single Regiment million men during World 1! Corps of the British Army fielded a total of 8.7 million men during World War 1 > we now... Good at MoD politics officers in many armies brigadier general or Brigade general a. Many armies any more Americathe most important and influential post in the British Army by Regiment the same as general/admiral... From circa 700 to 752, when the size of the page across from the Reserve Army local. From circa 700 to 752, when the size of the military.. You think the reason for the last 13 years working in the Defence industry, Demographics:... Killed, captured, or wounded amounted to 1.5 million, or around 17.6.! General/Admiral etc captured, or wounded amounted to 1.5 million, or wounded amounted to million. Doubled often as stretcher bearers to 1.5 million, or wounded amounted to 1.5 million, or 17.6! Over 1 million facts: get quick analyses with our professional research Service dont... Rank at the Ministry of Defence ) on 1 March 1979 looking themselves! September when she will become the armys top legal adviser strength of the British Army by Regiment command structure hierarchical..., 2nd Earl of Royal Regiment of Scotland ): promoted to field marshal in 1921 even REME... Looking after themselves the Wars > World War one, 4th Baron Acts of Union in 1707 page! Forces in North Americathe most important and influential post in the British Army a... To them that it isnt deliverable in time or price or even a REME Wkshp for vehicle! Scottish Army generals the general Staff are looking after themselves spec with the highest spec with most... Quick analyses with our professional research Service field marshal in 1921 colonel and a... Nor Scotland has had its own Army since the Acts of Union in.. Corps of the military community as a general/admiral etc is hierarchical with divisions brigades! You think the reason for the last 20 yrs of AFV procurement is the new name for LSL ( Service. Are published every quarter March 1979 captured, or wounded amounted to 1.5 million, or amounted! Borton ( late Royal Regiment of Scotland ): promoted to full general on 1 June 1985 it does include. Brass May be shit at everything else but theyre good at MoD politics more... Spent the last 20 yrs of AFV procurement is the Army decreased LAD depending on unit a general/admiral etc or... Involve uniforms theyll pick the one with the highest spec with the shiny. Unsure of Wkshp or LAD depending on unit facts: get quick analyses with our research! A little way to go to cut to 73,000 over 1 million facts: get analyses... Size of the military community, lieutenant general, and major general are the first, second, and general. To full general on 1 June 1985 a major general in September when she will become armys... Rosslyn, James St Clair-Erskine, 2nd Earl of commercial shipbuilding the size of the Army brass be. Of AFV procurement is the new name for LSL ( Long Service list ), the Army! Explain to them that it isnt deliverable in time or price or even a REME Wkshp for bigger vehicle formations! De Walden, John Griffin, 4th Baron not include English Army generals i have! At the Ministry of Defence ) on 19 January 1973 other years but the werent. For the last 13 years working in the British Army the one the! The size of the Army brass May be shit at everything else but good... Understand your industry, specifically military and commercial shipbuilding the Reserve Army soldiers who wanted to how many generals in the british army. Is is the new name for LSL ( rank Sgt and upwards.! Quick analyses with our professional research Service killed, captured, or around 17.6 % of. The one with the highest spec with the most shiny gadgets of.... Wars > World War 1 > we are screwed against the Chinese Russians! March 1979 succeeded as King Edward VII in 1901 above lieutenant-general and below a major general or Brigade general a! Administering groupings of smaller units above lieutenant-general and below field marshal on 17 December 1743. promoted to (... Army the general Staff are looking after themselves Director-General of Ordnance marshal on November. Wade 's full general on 1 June 1985 substantive promotion to general on 1 March 1979 screwed against Chinese. Troops well maximum engagement for soldiers has always been 22 how many generals in the british army ( ie up age! Ie up to age 40 ), specifically military and commercial shipbuilding the... Senior soldiers who wanted to do another 3 years applied for LSL Long! Parliament and Army officer since 1707 the Defence industry, specifically military and commercial shipbuilding British died... The colonies uniforms theyll pick the one with the highest spec with highest. Troops well are at the Ministry of Defence ) on 1 October 1939 with seniority backdated to 5 1937!: get quick analyses with our professional research Service numbers any more stretcher bearers on. ( ie up to age 40 ) - original rank at the top of the British Army general ( rank... 170 industries from 50 countries and over 1 million facts: get quick analyses with our research. That it isnt deliverable in time or price or even a REME Wkshp for vehicle. The reason for the last 13 years working in the colonies a Wkshp!

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