About three thousand Zulu warriors died in the clash known historically as the Battle of Blood River.[81][82]. Pearson Longman. Rubinstein, W. D. (2004). The Cape nonetheless remained nominally part of the British Empire, even though it was self-governing in practice. Means "gratitude" in Sotho. [181][182][183], Between 1975 and 1988, the SADF continued to stage massive conventional raids into Angola and Zambia to eliminate PLAN's forward operating bases across the border from Namibia as well as provide support for UNITA. The first KhoikhoiDutch War broke out in 1659, the second in 1673, and the third 16741677. Fourie, J. A given name may consist of only one name (the first name) or multiple names, in which case subsequent names are referred to as middle names. The Freeman surname origin was from the person who was a freeman, one who was not a serf and thus had certain rights. Whereas the San were hunter-gatherers, the Khoikhoi were pastoral herders. Alternatively, if you wish to search for a specific person then please enter the details in the . Their South African National Party, later known as the South African Party or SAP, followed a generally pro-British, white-unity line. [57] The Boers accepted British annexation in 1844. [189], Both South Africa and Cuba claimed victory at the decisive battle of Cuito Cuanavale, which have been described as "the fiercest in Africa since World War II". Some groups, ancestral to today's Nguni peoples (the Zulu, Xhosa, Swazi, and Ndebele), preferred to live near the eastern coast of what is present-day South Africa. Kruger reacted by forming an alliance with the neighbouring Boer republic of Orange Free State. Many urban blacks supported the war expecting it would raise their status in society. The "aliens" objected to being denied parliamentary representation and the right to vote, and they complained also of bureaucratic government delays in the issuing of licenses and permits, and general administrative incompetence on the part of the government.[119]. The British High Commission territories of Basutoland (now Lesotho), Bechuanaland (now Botswana), and Swaziland (now Eswatini) continued under direct rule from Britain. The Zulu resulted in the mass movement of many tribes who in turn tried to dominate those in new territories, leading to widespread warfare and waves of displacement spread throughout southern Africa and beyond. [41] Another theory attributes the epicentre of Zulu violence to the slave trade out of Delgoa Bay in Mozambique situated to the north of Zululand. Origin: Tswana, Southern African Meaning: Blessed one, blessings Alternative Spellings & Variations: Sego Famous Namesakes: Masego Ntshingane, Botswanan athlete Peak Popularity: Masego isn't a very popular name in the United States. Waterboer, fearing conflict with the Boer republic of Orange Free State, subsequently asked for and received British protection. Sandbox Learning is part of Sandbox & Co., a digital learning company. The same legislation applied also to South West Africa over which South Africa had continued after World War I to exercise a disputed League of Nations mandate. [223], A further financial burden was imposed on the new post-apartheid government through its obligation to provide antiretroviral (ARV) treatment to impoverished victims of the HIV/AIDS epidemic sweeping the country. Hint: Try searching for a relative alive in 1940. [146] The anti-semitic Boerenasie (Boer Nation) and other similar groups soon joined them. This territory and others in the region then became the Republic of the Orange Free State.[85]. [170], In early 2002, a planned military coup by a white supremacist movement known as the Boeremag (Boer Force) was foiled by the South African police. [95] Keate awarded ownership to the Griquas. Freeman can also be an African American or Jewish name. [114] The decision was made to start importing Chinese indentured labourers who were prepared to work for far less wages than local African labourers. [1] South Africa's prehistory has been divided into two phases based on broad patterns of technology namely the Stone Age and Iron Age. More than a decade later 36,000 Cuban troops were deployed throughout the country helping providing support for MPLA's fight with UNITA. The commission charged by agents was the same as the payment for one slave, thus those settlers only claiming for one slave would receive nothing. Independent sovereignty of the republic was formally recognised by Great Britain with the signing of the Sand River Convention on 17 January 1852. This position was rejected by many rural Afrikaners who supported the Maritz Rebellion. Those settlers who were allocated money could only claim it in Britain in person or through an agent. This has been interpreted as the earliest example ever discovered of abstract art or symbolic art created by Homo sapiens. Meaning: 'Lion.' 3. Except in rare outcrops, however, the main gold deposits had over many years become covered gradually by thousands of feet of hard rock. The armed incursion became known as the Jameson Raid. Most of the deaths occurred between 1992 and 1993, after South African and Cuban involvement had ended. [80], The increasing economic involvement of the British in southern Africa from the 1820s, and especially following the discovery of first diamonds at Kimberley and gold in the Transvaal, resulted in pressure for land and African labour, and led to increasingly tense relations with Southern African states.[40]. [132] Eight South Africans won the Victoria Cross for gallantry, the Empire's highest and prestigious military medal. Among the obstacles were the presence of the independent states of the South African Republic and the Kingdom of Zululand and its army. Concentration camp superintendents did not always record the deaths of black inmates in the camps.[123]. Many African last names reference wealth and the aristocracy. 1. Today middle names are common among people with a Catholic, Protestant, Islamic or South Asian background. Labour unrest in the industry resulted in a massacre in mid-August 2012, when anti-riot police shot dead 34 striking miners and wounded many more in what is known as the Marikana massacre. Ababio - Origin: Ghanaian. Another reason for Dutch-speaking white farmers trekking away from the Cape was the abolition of slavery by the British government on Emancipation Day, 1 December 1838. [137], During World War II, South Africa's ports and harbours, such as at Cape Town, Durban, and Simon's Town, were important strategic assets to the British Royal Navy. Afrikaners were split, with some like Botha and Smuts taking a prominent leadership role in the British war effort. [62], By the end of 1847, following annexation by Britain of the former Boer republic of Natalia, nearly all the Boers had left their former republic, which the British renamed Natal. In 1836, when Boer Voortrekkers (pioneers) arrived in the northwestern part of present-day South Africa, they came into conflict with a Ndebele sub-group that the settlers named "Matabele", under chief Mzilikazi. With the formal end of apartheid in 1994, the new democratic government was saddled with an onerous foreign debt amounting to R86,700,000,000 (US$14,000,000,000 at then current exchange rates) accrued by the former apartheid regime. [124] In terms of the peace agreement known as the Treaty of Vereeniging, the Boer republics acknowledged British sovereignty, while the British in turn committed themselves to reconstruction of the areas under their control. The death penalty was abolished, land reform and redistribution policies were introduced, and equitable labour laws legislated. [52], The South African Republic (Dutch: Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek or ZAR, not to be confused with the much later Republic of South Africa), is often referred to as The Transvaal and sometimes as the Republic of Transvaal. Some members of the Torch Commando subsequently became leading figures in the armed wing of the banned African National Congress. Barend-van Haeften, Marijke; Paasman, Bert: Delmas, Adrien, 'The Role of Writing in the First Steps of the Colony: A Short Enquiry in the Journal of Jan van Riebeeck, 16521662', in. There are 54 countries, between 900 and 1,500 languages, and several thousand ethnic groups in Africa, according to Britannica. [43][44][24], In 1818, Nguni tribes in Zululand created a militaristic kingdom between the Tugela River and Pongola River, under the driving force of Shaka kaSenzangakhona, son of the chief of the Zulu clan. As one of their first tasks they outlawed the use of the Dutch language in 1806 with the view of converting the European settlers to the British language and culture. [citation needed] 127. The weaker and less-skilled Dingaan became king, relaxing military discipline while continuing the despotism. [34] The Cape Articles of Capitulation of 1806 allowed the colony to retain "all their rights and privileges which they have enjoyed hitherto",[35] and this launched South Africa on a divergent course from the rest of the British Empire, allowing the continuance of Roman-Dutch law. Nineteenth-Century Contests For Land In South Africa's Caledon Valley And The Invention Of The Mfecane", "First Indian workers arrive in South Africa | South African History Online", "Crossing the Kala Pani: cause for "Celebration" or "Commemoration" 150 years on? Chidubem - This name is Igbo for "God is my guide." Igwe - Many Igbo people in South Africa have this last name. [227] Widespread dissatisfaction with the slow pace of socio-economic transformation, government incompetence and maladministration, and other public grievances in the post-apartheid era, precipitated many violent protest demonstrations. Lerato Luckhoff South African Lupondo South African Luter South African Madia South African Paul Kruger, one of the leaders of the uprising, became President of the ZAR in 1883. Da Gama gave the name Natal to the coast he was passing, which in Portuguese means Christmas. [135], Black and mixed-race South Africans who had supported the war were embittered when post-war South Africa saw no easing of white domination and racial segregation.[136]. Since then, the African National Congress has governed South Africa, in an alliance with the South African Communist Party and the Congress of South African Trade Unions. British policy with regard to South Africa would vacillate with successive governments, but the overarching imperative throughout the 19th century was to protect the strategic trade route to India while incurring as little expense as possible within the colony. No firm boundaries were drawn between the area of white settlement and Moshoeshoe's kingdom, which led to border clashes. The First Sekhukhune War of 1876 was conducted by the Boers, and the two separate campaigns of the Second Sekhukhune War of 1878/1879 were conducted by the British. [105][106], Although many tales abound, there is no conclusive evidence as to who first discovered gold or the manner in which it was originally discovered in the late 19th century on the Witwatersrand (meaning White Waters Ridge) of the Transvaal. A significant number of the offspring from the white and slave unions were absorbed into the local proto-Afrikaans speaking white population. Racial segregation and white minority rule known officially as apartheid, an Afrikaans word meaning "separateness", was implemented in 1948. This aim was complicated by border conflicts with the Boers, who soon developed a distaste for British authority. It accelerated the formation of several new nation-states, notably those of the Sotho (present-day Lesotho) and the Swazi (now Eswatini (formerly Swaziland)). In 1824 a party of 25 men under British Lieutenant F G Farewell arrived from the Cape Colony and established a settlement on the northern shore of the Bay of Natal, which would later become the port of Durban, so named after Benjamin D'Urban, a governor of the Cape Colony. The first was formed by Hermann Eckstein in 1887, eventually becoming Rand Mines. They saw this as the best way to come to terms with the fact of a white Afrikaner majority, as well as to promote their larger strategic interests in the area. 469503. 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