D'AGATA: What I'd hoped to convey is that what's unique about the fighting underway here is that this country has not really seen the scale of war in recent years, unlike some LIMBONG: But it wasn't just CBS. While the first three threats may be considered direct threats, the other three are extended threats. Data collected from three IPL projects shows that Muslim immigrants and refugees face higher levels of discrimination in Europe than those with a Christian heritage. The Supreme Court hears arguments today on President Bidens student loan forgiveness plan; John F. Cogan and Michael McConnell discuss their amicus brief opposing it. Who wants to hire an asylum seeker still at risk of deportation, since their application hasnt been accepted yet? Palestinian refugees in Lebanon are being paid $350 a month to join the Russian army and then sent to fight in Ukraine, U.S. news agency The Media Line reported on Feb. 28, citing a Lebanese . People fleeing war-torn Ukraine arrive on a train from Poland at Berlins main train station on March 6, 2022. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR. Contrarily, due to racial, religious, cultural, and ethnic differences, Europeans feel less sympathy for other refugees. Free visas to the EU. LIMBONG: The Nigerian statehouse issued a statement today denouncing reports of Nigerians being denied entry to the Polish border. Landmann and colleagues in Germany conducted a series of four related studies to examine hostility toward refugees. Describing them as 'refugees' would draw in a governance apparatus that today includes development actors. The United Nations refugee agency has expressed concern over these expulsion flights, noting that those impacted are being sent back to the very dangers they have fled in their countries of origin. Indeed, these asylum-seekers should instead be welcomed just like Afghans are being welcomed all refugees deserve protection, not just our allies. Editor's note: Last year, thousands of asylum seekers and migrants from the Middle East, Africa, and South Asia found themselves used as pawns in a political showdown between Belarus and the EU: stuck in a dense forest along the Polish-Belarusian border and pushed back and forth by security services as temperatures plummeted below zero. Copyright 2022 NPR. The Venezuelan crisis parallels the Zimbabwean exodus of the early 2000s. He's the host of NPR's Book of the Day podcast and a frequent host on Life Kit. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Health Services. Full coverage at CTVNews.ca/Ukraine. In the past year, a record-high 65 million people have been displaced worldwide, including more than one million people who crossed borders into the European Union while thousands more died on the way. While finding ways to address legitimate security and integration concerns, Europe could not only win skilled workers, but also hearts and minds of young people in the Middle East by accepting more asylum seekers from the region into their societies. The reality, however, is that "both people and states do treat different groups of refugees in different ways, according to where they come from; according to their own perceptions of those people . HIRING! In addition, they found that every threat typeeven altruistic threat (concerns about the host countrys ability to care for refugees)was linked with negative views of immigration and refugees. The way we talk about conflicts can impact those who are already most directly affected by war, refugees. But several EU countries have implemented labor restrictive measures to avoid this. The majority of Afghans evacuated to the U.S. arrive without visas as humanitarian parolees, yet have been welcomed in the U.S. About 18,000 refugees from Ukraine have arrived in Switzerland so far, with tens of thousands more expected by summer. LIMBONG: Rana Khoury, a research associate at Princeton University focusing on conflict and displacement, says this language has impacts on global refugee policy. RANA KHOURY: We certainly do see it play out in terms of the politics of refugee reception in the idea of whose burden should it be to take refugees who are from the global South, the Middle East, Africa, versus, you know, who is welcome and who can be brought in here. In line with these recommendations, countries with high migration rate such as Germany, Sweden, and Italy offer asylum seekers temporary work permits while their applications are being processed. The Biden administration must immediately halt flights carrying asylum-seekers back to Mexico and Haiti and fully rescind Title 42 so that everyone seeking protection can petition for safety. [vi] Immigration policies are allegedly based on principles like "the reunification of families, admitting immigrants with skills that are valuable to the U.S. economy, protecting refugees, and promoting diversity." The way we talk about conflicts can impact those who are already most directly affected by war, refugees. Job insecurity, poverty, and hunger can leave people with no other choice but to risk everything on a boat across the Mediterranean. In the words of Al Jazeera journalist Saif Khalid, when white people commit terrorism this is seen as an individual act that does not represent the entire race. In Srebrenica in July 1995, towards the end of the 1992-1995 civil war in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Serbs massacred 8,000 Bosnian Muslims, a blatant act of genocide. Work permits are a contested issue in the EU, since many native workers fear that the new labor force will steal jobs from them. The act allowed approximately 190,000 refugees, escapees, and expellees to arrive in the United States before the legislation . By giving all asylum seekers temporary work permits and cracking down on labor discrimination, member states with surplus capacity could gain a much-needed workforce and secure long-term influence in the region. ANDREW LIMBONG, BYLINE: On Friday, CBS News senior foreign correspondent Charlie D'Agata framed the fighting in Kyiv like this. With the recent mass shooting in Germany, some people are again asking why anybody would hate refugees and aliens (i.e. The asylum program works to provide refugee protection to people in Canada who: have a well-founded fear of persecution or. Chief among these is the so-called " jewelry law " - a measure which allows the government to seize asylum seekers' assets, including their jewelry, to fund their stay in the country. In a strategic attempt to halt irregular migration while maintaining her principle of a generous domestic asylum policy, Merkel has facilitated an EU agreement with Turkey. (AP Photo/Bernat Armangue) Reporters have documented dehumanizing treatment against international students from Africa, South Asia and the Middle East in Ukraine. Millions of Ukrainians are living in unimaginable terror; but thankfully the countrys refugees will face a more accommodating Europe than did those who sought similar protection a decade earlier. Black asylum-seekers from Africa face unique challenges in the U.S. African immigrants arriving in Texas are finding a litany of unique racial, cultural and practical challenges to becoming legal . LIMBONG: Mahdis Keshavarz is a board member with the Arab and Middle Eastern Journalists Association, which put out a statement criticizing this framing, which Keshavarz says relies on old tropes. In Sweden, which received 163,000 asylum seekers in 2015, many asylum seekers face difficulties navigating the Swedish labor market. deported back to their home countries, where they are at great risk of torture or prosecution. The U.S. response to both crises should be guided by international law, our moral obligations and our history. as many EU members have already acknowledged, dismissed the EUs call for sharing the responsibility, could not only win skilled workers, but also hearts and minds, http://www.cfr.org/syria/assessing-syrian-refugee-crisis/p33595, Order from Ashes Podcast: Broken Bonds: Existential Crises, Order from Ashes Podcast: Broken Bonds: My Life as a Muslim Brother, Order from Ashes Podcast: The Earthquake, Cholera, and Borders, The Systems That Drive Corruption and Terrorism, Order from Ashes Podcast: Broken Bonds: No Identity, Q&A: Netanyahus Total War on Israels Judiciary. Meanwhile, work gains do not mitigate the fear many European politicians and citizens express over the long-term cultural impact migration inflow will have on the region. One 2022 study examining over 4,000 asylum applications in France between 1976 and 2016 found that Muslims were less likely than Christians to receive asylum. These asylum-seekers should be welcomed just like Afghans are being welcomed. Governments and civilians around the world have vocalized their support for Ukraine and opposition to Russia; therefore, the EU risks international backlash if it fails to absorb and aid millions of Ukrainian refugees. Anna is working with Michael Hanna and the rest of the foreign policy team as a member of the 2016 internship class on issues such as U.S. policy toward the Middle East and East Asia. Attitudes also are affected by humanitarian concerns: When a refugee is perceived to have a valid claim or specific vulnerability for example, if he or she was a victim of torture support is generally higher. Unfortunately, extremists and right-wing politicians alike have used the sensitive political climate to strike fear and tensions. In both the United States and Europe, the inevitability of multiculturalism and diversityand the resulting decay of white dominanceprompts nativism, racism, and xenophobia from the right. Once granted refugee status in a host country, the state cant deport them. The Century Foundation The United States has been consumed with the mass evacuation and resettlement effort for vulnerable Afghans in the wake of the Taliban takeover of Afghanistan. Some refugee families say they aren't being treated the same as families fleeing from Ukraine. Why refugees from Ukraine have been treated differently European countries haven't seen such a large number of displaced people in this short period of time in recent history. However, IPL research has found that Europeans care deeply about fairness in the EU asylum system, and that large majorities would support a plan to allocate asylum seekers in proportion to each countrys capacity, even if that meant their own country would receive more. Asylum-seekers must not be forced back to the trauma and violence that theyre so desperately fleeing. They also found that eligible voters favored refugees with higher employability. (Capacity would be determined by population, GDP, unemployment rate and other factors.) It took three. Melissa De Witte, Stanford News Service: mdewitte@stanford.edu, The researchers created maps showing where warmer weather has left trees in conditions that dont suit them, making them more prone to being replaced by other species. More than half - nearly 548,000 - have fled to Poland which shares a 500km border with Ukraine. In a survey of almost 20,000 Europeans across 15 countries in 2016, my IPL colleagues found a strong anti-Muslim bias. Why? He has also done graduate work in clinical psychology and neuropsychology in U.S. Get the help you need from a therapist near youa FREE service from Psychology Today. Rather than bringing people to safety via transit centers and, ultimately, to countries including the United States, these flights are sending vulnerable migrants and asylum-seekers back to danger returning them to the very places theyre fleeing. To answer this question, they conducted a second study using a sample of 289 female and 118 male students (average age of 32 years). All rights reserved. The authoritative record of NPRs programming is the audio record. Over the past decade, mostly in collaboration with his Stanford colleague James Fearon, Laitin has published several papers on ethnicity, ethnic cooperation, the sources of civil war and policies that work to settle civil wars. Unlike Ukrainians, they must apply for asylum and wait for approval before seeking jobs. The Century Foundation takes your data security and privacy seriously. The European Parliament stresses in a report that even though Sweden offers low working restrictions for asylees, their labor market is inflexible and poorly adaptable to employees with different skills. At the end of March 2022, the Biden administration announced a commitment to resettle up to. Masses of refugees from Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, Somalia, Yemen, and elsewhere have faced racially motivated hostility in. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information. Others avoid registering for asylum, not for practical reasons but out of a sense of dignity. Reviewed by Ekua Hagan. It is not enough for them simply to stay alive. Giulia McPherson is the director of advocacy and operations at Jesuit Refugee Service/USA. For example, the EUs asylum policy prioritizes Syrians over other nationalities, including Iraqis and Afghanis, even though they all face similar levels of violence in their home countries. Other EU countries are now considering taking similar steps. The Italian government has at times closed its ports to foreign boats carrying rescued migrants. According to DR's calculations, the distance from Denmark's border with Germany to the Ukraine-Poland border is 1,270 kilometres, and to the Syria-Turkey border 3,760 . For example in Germany and Sweden, so-called priority reviews specify that asylum seekers can only be employed if there are no suitable national or EU-citizens available for the job. International law and practice addresses refugee and internal displacement emergencies differently. Among those were27.1 million refugees, half under the age of 18 (21.3 million refugees under . Knowing what you value will help you build the most meaningful life possible. The Ukraine crisis may serve as a reminder that migration policy should be based on more careful collection of data. Landmann, H., Gaschler, R., & Rohmann, A. To receive Stanford news daily, Syrian refugees desire to work speaks to a broader sentiment, shared by many asylum seekers, that employment matters more than protection. attempting to cross the Syria-Turkey borderis only the latest stark example of Turkeys inability to protect incoming migrants. The deal gives EU states free passes to return migrants and failed asylum seekers to Turkey. Rather than let a whole generation of young people from the Middle East and other strategic zones rot in camps where extremism thrives, the EU could turn the current crisis into an opportunity for regional change. Fortunately for the Ukrainians, Ukraines westward neighbors are working assiduously to register and take initial responsibility for this unprecedented flow, which is likely to add another 5 million refugees from Ukraine within a year from the Russian invasion, nearly five times as fast as the flow from Syria and North Africa. Turkish security guards shot and killed eleven Syrian refugees. LIMBONG: Rana Khoury, a research associate at Princeton University focusing on conflict and displacement, says this language has impacts on global refugee policy. In contrast, non-Ukrainian refugees have been physically assaulted by Polish and Belarussian patrolmen; left to freeze in the winter; detained in unhygienic camps in Greece; trapped in limbo between Poland and Belarus; assaulted with tear gas and water cannons near the Greece-Turkey border; and bombarded with xenophobic and anti-migrant rhetoric, especially in Poland, Hungary, and Slovakia. Data from a project of Stanfords Immigration Policy Lab (IPL) has shown that the longer applicants wait for resolution of their case, the less likely they are to secure a steady job once approved in large part due to loss of motivation. Identifying different types of threat and their association with emotional responses and attitudes towards refugee migration. The Guardian, 2 set. An additional . Stanford, California 94305. But the Venezuelans are being labelled as 'migrants' and that is shaping the governance response and the degree of engagement by UNHCR and others. labor integration of both asylum seekers and refugees will generate long-term economic gains, specify that asylum seekers can only be employed, to be recognized by the national labor system, many asylum seekers experience discrimination, perpetrators behind the Paris attacks had exploited the asylum system, 40 percent of Germans calling for her resignation this year in response to her open-border policy, argued in a policy brief for The Century Foundation, accepted 69,900 refugees including a mere 2,192 Syrians last year. It especially from Asia and Africa, to understand that Lebanon has a racism problem that goes beyond the discrimination of refugees. Refugees, defined by international humanitarian law as people in need of protection, are entitled to a privileged status. In addition, they pose a health threat because some refugees come from countries with comparably higher rates of certain diseases (e.g., tuberculosis, AIDS). Moreover, they were not permitted to work until their asylum application was approved. She and her daughters then found themselves on a bus back to Guatemala, the place where they had fled violence in the first place. Of those, 1.1 million are children, All refugees deserve. Meanwhile, the Maslovas, a family from Ukraine, enjoy warm welcomes. Rather than bringing people to safety via transit centers and, ultimately, to countries including the United States, these flights are sending vulnerable migrants and asylum-seekers back to danger. But we could see White people going through. A Nigerian student added, Theyre pushing us back just because were Black!Were all humanThey should not discriminate against us because of the colour of our skin. Racism against POC fleeing Ukraine exposes differential treatment even among refugees fleeing the same conflict, suggesting that European solidarity is skin-deep. This stark contrast epitomizes Europes unequitable treatment of different refugee populations, with Ukrainians topping the refugee hierarchy. EuroNews Trevor Noah has slammed the double-standard between how African and Middle Eastern refugees are treated when fleeing to Europe in comparison to Ukrainians who are currently fleeing their country due to the Russian invasion. Assistant Professor Farzana Saleem on how to mitigate the toll racial stressors take on kids mental health. Given its magnitude, the Ukraine crisis may prompt leaders to consider policies that cast a wider lens, Laitin said. Since it was first implemented in March 2020, more than 1 million migrants and asylum-seekers have been turned away. As political scientist Lamis Abdelaaty describes, Europeans see Ukrainians as White and Christian, similar to the way that many in European countries see themselves. Eastern Europeans are especially welcoming of Ukrainians, with whom they share a sense of fraternity; many people move around within Eastern Europe, so nationalities expand beyond each nations borders. The reports advocate for lifting labor restrictions and preventing discrimination against asylum seekers. Public policy in the EU and discussions of Dublin Convention reform have been marred by misunderstandings. By welcoming Ukrainian refugees and imposing economic sanctions on Russia, the EU has demonstrated its support for Ukrainian sovereignty and opposition to Russian aggression without direct military intervention. are at risk of torture, or cruel or unusual punishment in their home countries. Why are some refugees treated differently than others? If you are among those who hate refugees, do you know why you feel this way? Addie Esposito is a staff writer and Senior Editor at the HIR. In the wall-to-wall coverage of the crisis in Ukraine, a certain pattern has sometimes emerged that positions Ukrainians as different from other victims of conflict. Given the risk of deportation, many also avoid the system altogether and work informally instead. Since Russia invaded Ukraine one month ago on Feb. 24, nearly 3.5 million people have fled Ukraine, and should the conflict continue, an additional 5 million more refugees will likely flee from the country within a year a rate that is nearly five times as fast as the flow of refugees from Syria and North Africa, says Stanford immigration policy scholar David Laitin. NPR's Andrew Limbong has more. Shooting, detaining, torturing, and executing protestors, Assad forcefully crushed pro-democracy protests during the Arab Spring. . CHARLIE D'AGATA: You know, this is a relatively civilized, relatively European - I have to choose those words carefully, too - city where you wouldn't expect that LIMBONG: The phrasing rankled enough people that he issued a clarifying apology a day later. As Abdelaaty describes, welcoming refugees [condemns] the government that caused their flight and can help further discredit that government in the eyes of the world, as well as its own people. Therefore, welcoming Ukrainians is politically expedient for the EU. The European Commission is considering reforms that ensure fair sharing of responsibility, including ending the Dublin Convention, but progress has been slow. As such, refugees are generally asylum seekers who have been granted the right to asylum in another country (refugee status). 1, People want to keep their identity and their profession when they go abroad. Syrian Palestinians have always been treated differently to their Syrian counterparts; whereas Turkish authorities have given Syrian refugees a "temporary protection" status using a specific regulation (which has become increasingly precarious over time), Palestinians (including Syrian Palestinians) have had to apply for visas to enter and stay . Furthermore, to many white and Christian Europeans, an influx of Middle Eastern and African Muslim refugees threatens power dynamics rooted in racial and religious hegemony, while incoming Ukrainians primarily strengthen them. A myriad of factors overlap and contribute to the exceptionalism of Ukrainian refugees in the EUIslamophobia; Europeans perceived similarities and fraternity with Ukrainians; racism, which also perpetuates inequality among refugees leaving Ukraine; media coverage; and geopolitics, especially the post-Cold War fear of Russian aggression and the EUs concern for its international reputation. That convention requires the country that first registered an asylum seeker to administer the application and provide housing. Broadly, what does your research reveal about the publics attitude toward refugees? Here are some suggestions: To understand the real effects of migration on us and our country, we must rely on data (e.g., economic indicators and crime rates), not ideology. : 'Labours Shadow Home Secretary Yvette Cooper struggles to justify why refugees fleeing war in Ukraine should be treated differently to refugees fleeing war in Afghanistan. When it comes to these refugees being treated differently during their time of need, Abdelaaty's research shows that the labels used to describe those fleeing their homelandrefugees and migrantsimpacts how countries respond, including the actual definitions of who is a refugee and who is a migrant. Media coverage of the invasion is part of the reason. The Century Foundation. PublishedFebruary 28, 2022 at 3:31 PM CST. This clear binary extends to Zelensky and Putin. They want to work and maintain their dignity, not just be refugees.. As the European asylum system has effectively broken down amid the recent inflow, it is time for the EUs wealthier member states to rethink current practices. What explains the difference? HERIKA MARTINEZ/AFP/Getty Images. Study 4 used a more representative sample, consisting of 111 women and 140 men (mean age of 50 years). Chancellor Angela Merkel is facing her biggest political crisis to date over this issue, with over 40 percent of Germans calling for her resignation this year in response to her open-border policy. An anchor for Al-Jazeera English called Ukrainian refugees, quote, "middle-class people," in comparison to refugees from the Middle East and North Africa. While the two categories are treated differently by law, in practice they are both asylum seekers. Al Jazeera journalist Virginia Pietromarchi notes, Bloody conflicts in Syria, Somalia, and other places have not received the wide-reaching international media coverageor urgent international government actionthat the invasion of Ukraine has inspired." She previously worked as a Middle East Fellow at the Independent Diplomat Advisory Group and as an adviser at the Permanent Mission of Afghanistan to the UN. While a federal judge on Thursday blocked the Biden administration from enforcing Title 42 for migrant families, the administration still has 14 days to implement the court ruling, and in any case is appealing the decision. Both direct and indirect threats were related to unfavorable attitudes toward refugees, so there may be a bidirectional relationship between peoples attitudes and their perception of threat: The perception of threat gives rise to negative attitudes toward outsiders, and negative attitudes also cause greater threat perception. "Many nations today are spending much more money and energy on finding ways to prevent refugees and asylum seekers from ever crossing their border than they are in protecting people who have been. The 1953 Refugee Relief Act defined "refugee" (someone in a non-Communist country fleeing persecution), "escapee" (someone fleeing communism), and "expellee" (an ethnic German forced out of Eastern Europe). Its a continuation of the policy begun under the Trump administration known as Title 42, which essentially bans anyone from seeking asylum at the U.S. southern border under the pretext that concerns about the spread of Covid-19 mean they must immediately be deported. Why are some refugees treated differently than others? | 1. Furthermore, according to Hanne Beirens, Migration Policy Institute think tank director, the prioritization of Ukrainian refugees restricts the resources available to other refugees, such as housing and language courses; this inequality creates a two-tiered system of refugee integration. They often have no or very limited access to services, material assistance, adequate housing, health . Since being forced to wait one additional year for the asylum decisions lowers the probability of being employed by about 4.9 percentage points'' due to skills atrophy and demoralization, it is more difficult for non-Ukrainian refugees to integrate into the workforce. The Dublin Convention has been divisive and especially difficult for Italy and Greece, which have struggled to accommodate migrants arriving by sea. In other words, the choice presented to the Lebanese people by . Islamophobia also underlies the assumption that Middle Eastern refugees are violent terroristsa sentiment echoed in Petkovs speech and Orbns comments that Muslim asylum seekers are Muslim invaders, accepting Middle Eastern migrants is importing terrorism, and all the terrorists are basically migrants. This assumption is a blatant fallacy of composition not applied to whites. There are several interconnecting reasons behind this sudden change in the way European citizens and states are responding to refugees. Arash Emamzadeh attended the University of British Columbia in Canada, where he studied genetics and psychology. If you are an immigrant, particularly a recent refugee or asylum seeker, you may have already asked this question many times after having experienced prejudice, racism, and discrimination. They are unable to return home unless and until conditions in their native lands are safe for them again. LIMBONG: Keshavarz points to Poland accepting Ukrainian refugees when not that long ago, the country was telling scores of Afghans, Syrians and Iraqis, no, the country's full. (Image credit: Michele Tantussi /Getty Images), as the largest humanitarian crisis Europe has seen since World War II, were more likely to reject Muslim applicants, Swiss voters denying citizenship to Muslim applicants, fearing and discriminating against increasing numbers of Muslims in their midst, only a small share of the migrants there expressed an interest in reaching Europe, urban Ukrainians tend to have higher skill levels than other middle-income countries, Stanford scholar explores the impact of racial stress on Black youth. In the first of these investigations, they used a sample of 55 male and 121 female psychology students (average age of 32 years). Includes development actors writer and senior Editor at the HIR divisive and especially for! 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